现在分词的一般式与完成式用法备注

现在分词的一般式与完成式用法备注

在通常情况下，现在分词的完成式表示先于谓语动词完成的动作。如：

Having compared the new dictionary with [to, and] the old one, he found the new one more helpful. 将新旧词典比较之后，他发现新词典更有用。

Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。

Having bought the house, they couldn’t afford to furnish it. 买了房子之后，他们没钱配家具。

Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。

Having bought out all his partners he now owns the whole company. 他买下合伙人的全部股份，现在整个公司是他的了。

从理论上说，如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，那么现在分词就应该用完成式。但是，如果现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作紧挨着发生，并且现在分词为一个短暂性动作，有时也可用一般式代替完成式。如：

Tying [Having tied] one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window. 他把绳子的一头系在床上，另一头扔出窗外。

注意，如果现在分词为延续性动词，一般不可用一般式代替完成式。如：

她干完工作就回家了。

正：Finishing her work, she went home.

正：Having finished her work, she went home.

正：Having done her work, she went home.

误：Doing her work, she went home.

另外，使用一般式代替完成式时，还要充分考虑上下文的语境，否则会导致混乱，比如下面这句的现在分词用完成式是恰当的：

Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。

如果将它改为一般式buying our tickets…，则会很奇怪，给人的感觉好像是一边买票，一边走进剧场。