hurt的本义、引申义及用法辨析

hurt的本义、引申义及用法辨析

1. 用于本义，表示身体上的“受伤”“疼痛”，此时通常通常连用的副词修饰语有 badly, seriously, slightly 等。如：

Jim didn’t look seriously hurt. 看上去吉姆伤得并不严重。

They were badly hurt in the accident. 他们在事故中受了重伤。

2. 用于引申义，表示感情上的“伤害”，此时通常连用的副词修饰语有deeply, extremely, really, terribly, very (much), greatly 等。如：

Her remark hurt him deeply. 她的话深深地伤害了他。

I was very much hurt at what he said. 听了他的话我很痛心。

3. be hurt后可接动词不定式或that从句。如：

She was hurt to think of his being left alone. 想到他一个人留在那儿她就难受。

She was hurt that I had not gone to her party. 我没去参加她的晚会，她感到不快。

4. 注意hurt, injure, wound的区别：

(1) hurt属普通用词，指身体上的受伤，可轻可重，常带有较强的疼痛感。另外它还经常用于比喻义，表示精神或感情上的伤害。

(2) injure与hurt的含义较为接近，但更正式，主要指人在意外事故中受到伤害。如：

In the accident 10 people died and 20 were seriously injured. 在这次事故中，有10人死亡，20人受重伤。

有时也用于比喻义。如：

Smoking will injure your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。

Her refusal injured his pride. 她拒绝他，伤害了他的自尊心。

(3) wound 主要指外界暴力或用武器造成的较重的身体上的伤害，多用于战斗或作战等场合。如：

The soldier was badly wounded in the head. 这位士兵头部受了重伤。

(4) 从用法上看，过去分词wounded和injured均可用于名词前作定语，而用作过去分词的 hurt则很少这样用。如：

The wounded [injured] soldier was well looked after. 这个受伤的士兵受到了很好的照顾。

(5) the injured和the wounded均可用作名词，意为“受伤的人”（具有复数意义），但一般不用the hurt来表示类似意义。如：

The injured [wounded] were sent to hospital. 受伤的人被送往医院。