ill与sick的用法区别与比较

ill与sick的用法区别与比较

1. 两者都可表示“有病的”：

(1) 作定语时通常用 sick。如：

He did duty for a sick comrade. 他接替一位患病的同志工作。

The sick man's face was in complete distortion. 该男病人的脸完全变了样。

Doctors have charge of the sick people. 医生负责照顾病人。

The nurse made the sick man comfortable. 护士使病人感觉舒服。

The doctor made an examination of the sick child. 医生检查了生病的孩子。

The sick child was hurried to the hospital. 生病的小孩被赶紧送往医院。

(2) 作表语时可用 ill(英) 或 sick (美)。如：

I was ill (sick) yesterday and I don’t feel any better today. 我昨天病了，今天一点也不觉得比昨天好些。

He was ill (sick) for a week, and during that week he ate nothing. 他病了一个星期，在那一星期里他什么也没吃。

He’s not as ill (sick) as you think, if you ask me. 依我看他病得不像你想像的那样严重。

He was so ill (sick) that he brought up everything. 他病得很重，什么都吐了出来。

注：在英国英语中，用作表语的 sick 可用来表示“呕吐的”或“恶心的”。如：

She feels sick in buses. 她在公共汽车上觉得想呕。

The long train ride made me sick. 长时间搭乘火车使我想吐。

因此若没有上下文, I was sick yesterday. 这类句子可能有歧义(可能表示“我昨天病了”或“我昨天想吐”)。

2. ill 表示“有病的”时，一般不用作定语，但当它表示“坏的(=bad)”“有害的(= harmful)”等义时，却只能作定语，不能作表语。如：

The Blacks had ill luck. 布莱克一家遭了厄运。

It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good. 天下无绝对的坏事。

I had to retire on the grounds of ill health. 我因健康的缘故不得已才退休了。

3. sick 表示“有病的”，可用作表语或定语，但若表示“厌烦的”，则只用作表语，其后通常接介词 of。如：

John is sick of his job. 约翰讨厌他的工作。

He was sick of lying in bed. 他在床上已经躺得厌烦了。

I'm sick of this place; let’s shove off. 我讨厌这个地方，我们离开吧。

4. 表示“病人”，通常用 the sick (相当于名词 ，具有复数意义)，而不用 the ill。如：

caring for the sick and the aged 照顾病人和老人

The sick and the aged need our help. 病人和老人需要我们帮助。

A hospital is an institution to cure the sick. 医院是治病的机构。

They have come to see the sick. 他们已来看望过病人。

The sick were allowed to pass free. 病人可以免费通过。

She has a vocation for looking after the sick. 她有照顾病人的本领。

The hospital was full of the sick and wounded. 医院里挤满了伤病员。

5. 在下列短语中，两者一般不宜换用：

sick pay 病假津贴

sick leave 病假

speak ill of 说某人的坏话

think ill of 认为……不好