.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分

题目内容：

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第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic （流行病）of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7. 5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okey because they can get by on 6. 5 hours, when they really need 7. 5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5. 5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8. 5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. ”

To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiting them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate. ”

41. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit.

B. The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.

C. The history of people’s sleeping patterns.

D. The minimum of our sleeping hours.

42. Which of the following is Dr. David’s opinion?

A. People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't.

B. Some people can remain energetic with only 6. 5 hours’ sleep a night.

C. If they get 8. 5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition.

D. People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.

43. People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9. 5 hours a night because _______.

A. they were forced by their parents to do so

B. they knew what was best for their health

C. they had no electricity

D. they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are

44. What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?

A. Persons or things being discussed or described.

B. Branches of knowledge studied in a school.

C. Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.

D. Any member of a state apart from the the supreme ruler.

最佳答案：

41A 42 D 43 C 44 C

答案解析：

略

考点核心：

人物传记类文章的文体特征：

人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。