Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was b

题目内容：

Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father’s store while attending school. This was his first retailing (零售业) experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.

He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.

Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.

After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don't win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options (认股权) and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement (实现) them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company.

By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Mart’s unique decentralized (分散的) distribution system, also Walton’s idea, created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.

小题1: Sam Walton first made a hit in retailing when __________.

A．he worked in his father’s store

B．he created Walton's management style

C．a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America

D．he specialized in name brands at low prices小题2:What is the purpose of Walton’s carrying out “profit sharing plan”?

A．To make sure all the employees had their own shares.

B．To encourage the employees to work hard and make joint efforts.

C．To select excellent employees for his stores.

D．To make more profit for himself.小题3:Which of the statements is TRUE?

A．With Walton’s management style, employees treated the stores as their own.

B．Walton wasn’t one of the merchants who first implemented stock options.

C．The smaller and traditional stores were well affected by Walton’s stores.

D．In his old age, Walton gave all the management to his men.小题4:What does the underlined word “edge” in the last paragraph mean here?

A．Danger.

B．Disadvantage.

C．Advantage.

D．System.

最佳答案：

小题1:D

小题2:B

小题3:A

小题4:C

答案解析：

文章介绍了沃尔玛公司创始人：山姆·沃尔顿创立沃尔玛的经过，还有他自身对于百货公司的经营理念与经验。

小题1:细节题。根据第二段He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices可知他开的第一家百货公司是低价销售名牌产品，所以选D

小题2:细节题。根据第四段The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store可知这个计划是为了鼓励员工努力工作，所以选B

小题3:细节题。根据第四段He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company可知沃尔顿的经营策略让员工们都将公司当做自己的一样关心，所以选A

小题4:词义推断题。根据上下文可知这句话的意思是，沃尔顿的想法创造了可以鼓励日后进步的优势，edge的意思是优势，所以选C

考点核心：

人物传记类文章的文体特征：

人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。